Fresno, CA schools

282 public schools, ranked by 2024–25 statewide rank (click a column to sort) · typical home value $369K^*


15th / 1,528	University High	High	—	98%	76%	—	21%
36th / 1,528	Clovis North High	High	White 41%	91%	67%	2,400	28%
203rd / 5,659	Liberty Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 37%	85%	77%	611	45%
68th / 1,294	Edison Computech	Middle	Hispanic 71%	86%	67%	818	71%
348th / 5,659	James S. Fugman Elementary	Elem	Asian 37%	80%	76%	843	20%
80th / 1,294	Granite Ridge Intermediate	Middle	White 38%	84%	68%	1,191	33%
108th / 1,528	Design Science Middle College High	High	Hispanic 69%	77%	61%	242	64%
414th / 5,659	Manchester Gate	Elem	Hispanic 58%	77%	75%	670	73%
123rd / 1,528	Clovis West High	High	Hispanic 49%	83%	54%	2,162	48%
555th / 5,659	Copper Hills Elementary	Elem	White 44%	73%	72%	590	33%
579th / 5,659	Riverview Elementary	Elem	White 37%	75%	70%	709	35%
208th / 1,294	Baird Middle	Middle	Hispanic 55%	72%	55%	603	43%
1,052nd / 5,659	Fort Washington Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 41%	66%	60%	566	41%
295th / 1,528	Career Technical Education Charter	High	—	73%	41%	—	47%
254th / 1,294	Kastner Intermediate	Middle	Hispanic 52%	69%	48%	1,177	52%
1,124th / 5,659	Morris E. Dailey Charter Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 53%	68%	57%	322	45%
1,185th / 5,659	Maple Creek Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 37%	65%	57%	516	48%
1,239th / 5,659	River Bluff Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 47%	63%	58%	705	68%
1,263rd / 5,659	Roger S. Oraze Elementary	Elem	Asian 35%	63%	57%	903	50%
1,278th / 5,659	Valley Oak Elementary	Elem	White 42%	63%	56%	492	37%
1,333rd / 5,659	Lincoln Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 55%	61%	56%	641	62%
1,359th / 5,659	Sequoia Elementary	Elem	Asian 45%	61%	55%	692	64%
371st / 1,528	Edison High	High	Hispanic 72%	66%	38%	2,432	84%
1,467th / 5,659	Jefferson Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 82%	57%	56%	422	95%
118th / 447	Central Online Home	Other	Hispanic 59%	43%	45%	157	71%
1,500th / 5,659	Hirayama Elementary	Elem	—	61%	51%	—	59%
1,529th / 5,659	Norman Liddell Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 47%	59%	52%	611	70%
1,575th / 5,659	Edith B. Storey Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 46%	60%	50%	547	79%
1,608th / 5,659	Janet L. Young Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 40%	57%	52%	655	47%
1,624th / 5,659	Sunset Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 88%	54%	54%	404	75%
1,646th / 5,659	Starr Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 54%	50%	57%	355	54%
377th / 1,294	Rio Vista Middle	Middle	Hispanic 54%	58%	41%	801	69%
1,717th / 5,659	John S. Wash Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 46%	58%	48%	815	60%
137th / 447	Endeavor Charter	Other	—	54%	30%	—	44%
1,753rd / 5,659	Bullard Talent	Elem	Hispanic 63%	58%	46%	753	47%
139th / 447	Yosemite Valley Charter	Other	—	51%	33%	—	47%
1,760th / 5,659	H. Roger Tatarian Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 46%	53%	51%	466	52%
1,849th / 5,659	Temperance-Kutner Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 49%	56%	47%	636	68%
520th / 1,528	Phillip J Patino School of Entrepreneurship	High	Hispanic 74%	70%	21%	268	84%
1,944th / 5,659	Mountain View Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 44%	55%	45%	591	57%
1,969th / 5,659	Herndon-Barstow Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 47%	52%	47%	725	69%
2,066th / 5,659	Lone Star Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 52%	51%	46%	641	72%
2,260th / 5,659	Virginia R. Boris Elementary	Elem	Asian 38%	54%	38%	862	54%
2,262nd / 5,659	Malloch Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 49%	49%	43%	516	53%
2,300th / 5,659	Gibson Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 52%	52%	39%	372	62%
2,316th / 5,659	Akira Yokomi Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 78%	47%	44%	701	86%
630th / 1,528	Erma Duncan Polytechnical High	High	Hispanic 81%	58%	25%	1,186	87%
2,475th / 5,659	Central Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 52%	50%	37%	740	82%
690th / 1,528	Sanger West High	High	Hispanic 56%	55%	24%	1,386	66%
698th / 1,528	Justin Garza High	High	Hispanic 59%	53%	25%	2,073	73%
2,632nd / 5,659	Houghton-Kearney Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 67%	46%	38%	212	82%
718th / 1,528	Central High	High	Hispanic 61%	57%	19%	641	75%
2,690th / 5,659	Fancher Creek Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 48%	45%	37%	662	72%
728th / 1,528	Washington High	High	Hispanic 81%	55%	21%	1,115	87%
2,702nd / 5,659	Vang Pao Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 65%	43%	39%	798	91%
2,718th / 5,659	Biola-Pershing Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 91%	45%	37%	189	92%
2,760th / 5,659	Madison Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 69%	42%	39%	462	85%
2,784th / 5,659	Figarden Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 56%	45%	36%	584	79%
2,804th / 5,659	Ann B. Leavenworth	Elem	Hispanic 84%	43%	38%	760	82%
2,827th / 5,659	William Saroyan Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 64%	46%	34%	706	75%
2,855th / 5,659	Easterby Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 60%	37%	43%	635	90%
778th / 1,528	Herbert Hoover High	High	Hispanic 62%	57%	15%	2,021	84%
2,974th / 5,659	Harvest Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 53%	46%	31%	983	75%
2,977th / 5,659	Eaton Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 54%	40%	37%	509	72%
805th / 1,528	Bullard High	High	Hispanic 56%	52%	18%	2,371	65%
3,007th / 5,659	Pacific Union Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 87%	37%	39%	345	90%
3,037th / 5,659	Birney Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 76%	41%	35%	717	95%
3,050th / 5,659	Burroughs Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 90%	39%	36%	688	93%
3,090th / 5,659	Mayfair Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 75%	41%	34%	553	96%
3,147th / 5,659	Ewing Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 75%	38%	36%	844	84%
3,149th / 5,659	Wolters Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 58%	42%	31%	423	92%
3,156th / 5,659	McCardle Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 62%	36%	38%	464	77%
3,205th / 5,659	Kepler Neighborhood	Elem	—	42%	30%	—	70%
258th / 447	Farber School of Independent Studies and Online	Other	Hispanic 70%	32%	29%	1,266	92%
3,292nd / 5,659	Ezekiel Balderas Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 59%	39%	32%	640	90%
3,351st / 5,659	David L. Greenberg Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 64%	35%	35%	526	95%
3,379th / 5,659	Monroe Elementary	Elem	—	42%	28%	—	91%
3,385th / 5,659	Lincoln Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 81%	30%	40%	505	97%
3,388th / 5,659	Homan Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 69%	36%	34%	523	94%
922nd / 1,528	Sunnyside High	High	Hispanic 70%	48%	15%	2,749	87%
3,436th / 5,659	Washington Colony Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 91%	42%	27%	434	88%
929th / 1,528	Central East High	High	Hispanic 66%	50%	13%	1,754	82%
3,443rd / 5,659	Orange Center Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 88%	44%	24%	248	99%
3,475th / 5,659	Kratt Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 62%	35%	33%	607	79%
796th / 1,294	Cooper Middle	Middle	Hispanic 78%	37%	24%	552	86%
942nd / 1,528	McLane High	High	Hispanic 75%	55%	6%	2,045	93%
799th / 1,294	Tioga Middle	Middle	Hispanic 65%	34%	27%	711	91%
803rd / 1,294	Tenaya Middle	Middle	Hispanic 55%	38%	23%	874	72%
3,543rd / 5,659	Malaga Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 88%	38%	29%	188	89%
3,555th / 5,659	Juan Felipe Herrera Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 65%	37%	30%	610	84%
3,650th / 5,659	Viking Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 62%	37%	28%	649	92%
3,719th / 5,659	Powers-Ginsburg Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 69%	35%	29%	418	83%
3,736th / 5,659	Lawless Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 53%	35%	28%	642	84%
3,739th / 5,659	Robinson Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 61%	38%	26%	527	91%
855th / 1,294	Kings Canyon Middle	Middle	Hispanic 74%	36%	22%	915	93%
3,746th / 5,659	Ericson Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 63%	37%	27%	747	95%
857th / 1,294	El Capitan Middle	Middle	Hispanic 71%	37%	21%	739	87%
3,759th / 5,659	Edison-Bethune Charter Academy	Elem	—	32%	31%	—	95%
298th / 447	Sierra Charter	Other	—	42%	9%	—	73%
1,024th / 1,528	Aspen Ridge Public	High	—	38%	18%	—	81%
3,810th / 5,659	Roeding Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 81%	33%	29%	649	89%
3,890th / 5,659	Wishon Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 75%	36%	25%	509	93%
3,900th / 5,659	Rowell Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 91%	34%	28%	593	96%
3,907th / 5,659	Susan B. Anthony Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 81%	34%	28%	394	97%
3,932nd / 5,659	John Steinbeck Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 65%	36%	24%	697	85%
904th / 1,294	Scandinavian Middle	Middle	Hispanic 69%	33%	21%	802	95%
3,968th / 5,659	Hanh Phan Tilley Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 65%	34%	26%	632	90%
3,985th / 5,659	Lowell Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 84%	32%	28%	307	97%
1,076th / 1,528	Fresno High	High	Hispanic 75%	40%	13%	2,009	89%
4,048th / 5,659	Aspen Valley Prep Academy	Elem	—	32%	27%	—	77%
4,077th / 5,659	Teague Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 74%	34%	24%	607	92%
4,105th / 5,659	Slater Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 64%	31%	27%	712	93%
4,122nd / 5,659	Jackson Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 90%	31%	27%	332	91%
1,113th / 1,528	Roosevelt High	High	Hispanic 82%	39%	10%	2,198	92%
4,195th / 5,659	American Union Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 76%	29%	27%	291	73%
4,223rd / 5,659	Winchell Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 93%	30%	26%	662	96%
336th / 447	W.E.B. DuBois Public Charter	Other	—	21%	21%	—	98%
4,291st / 5,659	McKinley Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 70%	32%	23%	704	84%
4,298th / 5,659	Muir Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 73%	33%	22%	477	95%
4,322nd / 5,659	Holland Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 60%	28%	27%	377	89%
4,327th / 5,659	Pyle Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 62%	28%	26%	675	94%
1,187th / 1,528	Crescent View West Public Charter	High	—	36%	6%	—	90%
1,007th / 1,294	Glacier Point Middle	Middle	Hispanic 65%	32%	16%	969	87%
1,009th / 1,294	Sequoia Middle	Middle	Hispanic 81%	29%	19%	905	95%
4,434th / 5,659	Aspen Meadow Public	Elem	—	29%	24%	—	88%
4,447th / 5,659	Hamilton Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 77%	33%	19%	798	86%
1,203rd / 1,528	Crescent View South II	High	—	30%	9%	—	90%
4,479th / 5,659	Webster Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 79%	28%	23%	305	95%
4,480th / 5,659	Norseman Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 58%	28%	24%	616	94%
4,499th / 5,659	Lane Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 87%	25%	26%	563	95%
1,034th / 1,294	Ahwahnee Middle	Middle	Hispanic 64%	30%	16%	682	86%
4,530th / 5,659	Calwa Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 85%	25%	26%	580	96%
4,595th / 5,659	Del Mar Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 71%	31%	19%	465	94%
4,610th / 5,659	Wawona K-8	Elem	Hispanic 80%	28%	21%	675	72%
4,619th / 5,659	Ayer Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 60%	28%	21%	546	90%
4,620th / 5,659	Centennial Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 72%	28%	22%	708	90%
4,688th / 5,659	Roosevelt Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 67%	30%	17%	471	87%
4,721st / 5,659	Mario G. Olmos Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 81%	28%	19%	554	97%
4,723rd / 5,659	Deborah A. Williams Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 66%	24%	23%	589	96%
1,278th / 1,528	Ambassador Phillip V. Sanchez II Public Charter	High	—	23%	3%	—	94%
375th / 447	West Park Charter Academy	Other	Hispanic 73%	27%	4%	172	84%
1,094th / 1,294	Elizabeth Terronez Middle	Middle	Hispanic 65%	25%	18%	696	89%
4,827th / 5,659	Kirk Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 76%	27%	18%	411	97%
4,854th / 5,659	West Fresno Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 76%	22%	22%	627	95%
4,868th / 5,659	Mollie S. Bakman Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 69%	24%	20%	719	94%
4,909th / 5,659	Turner Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 51%	27%	17%	573	94%
4,910th / 5,659	Addams Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 73%	25%	19%	753	96%
1,127th / 1,294	Yosemite Middle	Middle	Hispanic 84%	24%	17%	659	95%
390th / 447	Central Unified Alternative/Opportunity	Other	Hispanic 72%	22%	2%	277	75%
4,957th / 5,659	Thomas Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 61%	25%	18%	835	90%
1,339th / 1,528	Dewolf Continuation High	High	Hispanic 69%	13%	4%	153	91%
5,021st / 5,659	Fremont Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 81%	22%	19%	438	92%
5,089th / 5,659	West Park Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 81%	24%	16%	297	83%
5,123rd / 5,659	Wilson Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 71%	22%	17%	637	96%
5,127th / 5,659	Columbia Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 74%	22%	17%	542	97%
405th / 447	Big Picture Educational Academy	Other	—	13%	7%	—	80%
1,176th / 1,294	West Fresno Middle	Middle	Hispanic 78%	23%	13%	313	94%
1,393rd / 1,528	Carter G. Woodson Public Charter	High	—	11%	2%	—	94%
1,403rd / 1,528	School of Unlimited Learning	High	—	13%	0%	—	95%
1,194th / 1,294	Tehipite Middle	Middle	Hispanic 81%	24%	10%	453	95%
5,223rd / 5,659	Aynesworth Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 82%	19%	18%	522	94%
5,233rd / 5,659	King Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 61%	20%	17%	557	98%
5,256th / 5,659	Miguel Hidalgo Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 75%	20%	16%	561	98%
416th / 447	Fresno County Special Education	Other	Hispanic 79%	15%	1%	571	83%
5,298th / 5,659	Vinland Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 61%	19%	16%	554	91%
1,452nd / 1,528	Farber School of Credit Attainment	High	Hispanic 80%	6%	4%	541	95%
1,237th / 1,294	Fort Miller Middle	Middle	Hispanic 71%	20%	9%	604	98%
1,462nd / 1,528	Pershing Continuation High	High	Hispanic 66%	9%	0%	88	86%
5,430th / 5,659	Heaton Elementary	Elem	Hispanic 76%	18%	11%	513	95%
5,459th / 5,659	Golden Charter Academy	Elem	—	19%	10%	—	83%
1,275th / 1,294	Rutherford B. Gaston Sr. Middle	Middle	Hispanic 76%	13%	8%	792	96%
1,515th / 1,528	Phoenix Secondary	High	Hispanic 69%	2%	0%	78	100%
5,649th / 5,659	Phoenix Elementary Academy Community Day	Elem	Hispanic 58%	5%	5%	26	100%
—	Addams Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Alice M. Worsley	High	Hispanic 62%	—	—	79	100%
—	American Union Preschool	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Anthony Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Ayer Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Aynesworth Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Bakman Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Balderas Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Biola-Pershing Preschool	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Birney Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Boris Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Burroughs Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Calwa Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Centennial Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Central Unified Adult Education	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Clovis South High	High	—	—	—	—	—
—	Columbia Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Copper Hills Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	CUSD Demonstration State Presc	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Del Mar Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Duncan Preschool	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Easterby Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Easton Community Day	High	—	—	—	—	—
—	Easton Continuation High	High	Hispanic 78%	—	—	23	83%
—	Eaton Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Elm High	High	Hispanic 82%	—	—	79	100%
—	Ericson Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Ewing Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Fancher Creek	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Figarden Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Florence E. Rata	High	Hispanic 66%	—	—	38	89%
—	Fremont Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Fresno Adult	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Fresno City and Fresno State Preschools	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Fresno COE District-Wide Preschool	Elem	—	—	—	—	—
—	Fresno ROP	High	—	—	—	—	—
—	Fulton	High	Hispanic 54%	—	—	13	91%
—	FUSD-Cesar Chavez Child Development Center	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	FUSD-Dolores Huerta Child Development Center	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Greenberg Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Hamilton Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Heaton Child Dev. Center	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Herndon-Barstow School	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Hidalgo Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Holland Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Homan Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Irwin O. Addicott	Elem	Hispanic 69%	—	—	45	88%
—	Jaswant Singh Khalra Elementary	Elem	—	—	—	—	—
—	Jefferson Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	John F. Kennedy Middle	Middle	—	—	—	—	—
—	Juan F Herrera	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Kirk Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Kratt Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Lane Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	LaVera Williams Center	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Lawless Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Leavenworth Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	LFC Child Development Center	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Lincoln	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Lincoln Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Lone Star Preschool	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Lowell Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Madison Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Malloch Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Maple Creek Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Martin Luther King Ch Dev Ctr	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Mayfair Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	McCardle Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Mountain View Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Muir Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Norseman Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Olmos Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Orange Center SD	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Oraze Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Pathway Community Day	High	Hispanic 55%	—	—	11	100%
—	Pathway Elementary Community Day	Elem	—	—	—	—	—
—	Phillip V. Sanchez Intermediate	Middle	—	—	—	—	—
—	Powers/Ginsburg Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Pyle Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Riverview Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Roeding Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Rowell Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Scandinavian Child Dev. Ctr.	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Slater Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Storey Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Sunset Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Teague School	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Temperance-Kutner Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Thomas Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Turner Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Vang Pao Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Viking Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Viking Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Vinland Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Violet Heintz Education Academy	High	Hispanic 63%	—	—	56	86%
—	Washington Colony Preschool	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Washington Unified Adult	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Wawona Preschool	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Webster Child Dev Ctr	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Webster Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	West Fresno Preschool	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	West Park Preschool	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Williams Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Wilson Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Winchell Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Wishon Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Wolters Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Yokomi Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—
—	Young Elementary	Other	—	—	—	—	—

*Median of zip-level typical home values (ZHVI). Data Provided by Zillow Group.